Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *ɨĺan- / *iĺen-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to believe, trust

Russian meaning: верить, доверять

Karakhanid: išen- (MK, KB)

Turkish: ɨšan- (dial.)

Tatar: ɨšan-

Middle Turkic: ɨšan- (Abush., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: išɔn-

Uighur: išan-, išän-

Sary-Yughur: isen-

Turkmen: ɨšan-

Khakassian: ĭzen-

Oyrat: ižen-

Chuvash: šan-, žen- (NW)

Yakut: isen- (Пек.)

Kirghiz: išen-

Kazakh: sen-

Noghai: sen-

Bashkir: ɨšan-

Balkar: išan-

Karaim: ɨšan-

Karakalpak: isen-

Comments: EDT 264, VEWT 174, ЭСТЯ 1, 673-674.

Proto-Turkic: *ɨĺɨ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to rub, scrape 2 jack-plane

Russian meaning: 1 тереть, царапать 2 рубанок

Tatar: ɨšɨ- 1, ɨšqɨ 2

Balkar: ɨši- 1

Comments: VEWT 167, ЭСТЯ 1, 667. Despite some mergers with *jɨĺ- (v. sub *ńiĺu), cf. Bashk. jɨšɨ-, jɨšqɨ, this appears to be a separate root.

Proto-Turkic: *ɨm

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: sign

Russian meaning: знак

Karakhanid: im (~ɨm) (MK)

Turkish: im

Tatar: ɨm

Middle Turkic: ɨm (Pav. C.)

Turkmen: üm

Oyrat: um

Yakut: im

Dolgan: imnēk 'signed'

Tuva: im

Kirghiz: ɨm

Kazakh: ɨm

Noghai: ɨm

Bashkir: ɨm

Karakalpak: ɨm

Kumyk: jum

Comments: EDT 155, VEWT 171, ЭСТЯ 1, 278, 632-633, Stachowski 126.

Proto-Turkic: *ɨna-

Meaning: to trust, rely on

Russian meaning: доверять, полагаться на

Old Turkic: ɨna-n- (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ɨna-n- (MK)

Turkmen: ɨnan-

Chuvash: nen-

Comments: ЭСТЯ 1, 654-656, VEWT 165 (cf. also *ɨn-gaj 'direction'). Turk. *ɨna-k > WMong. inaɣ (see TMN 2, 219, Щербак 1997, 163).

Proto-Turkic: *ɨ-na-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: that

Russian meaning: тот

Turkmen: ɨna-ru

Halaj: ɨ́na

Tuva: ɨnda `there', ɨndɨɣ 'such'

Tofalar: ɨnda `there'

Proto-Turkic: *ɨn-tɨk (~ *e-)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to breathe heavily

Russian meaning: тяжело дышать

Tatar: intek- 'to become tired, exhausted'

Chuvash: andъx-

Tuva: ɨndɨnnɨɣ 'panting, alarmed'

Kirghiz: ɨntɨq-

Kazakh: ɨntɨɣ-

Bashkir: intek-

Comments: Егоров 29, Федотов 1,49.

Proto-Turkic: *ɨŋɨr

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: dusk

Russian meaning: дымка, сумерки

Old Turkic: iŋir (~ ɨŋɨr) (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: iŋir (MK), imir (MK Oghuz)

Turkish: inirik, iŋrik (dial.), ümez 'fog'

Tatar: ĭŋgĭr

Uzbek: ümür, imir

Sary-Yughur: iŋer, jiŋɨr

Turkmen: ümür, iŋrik

Khakassian: īr

Shor: īr, ɨnar

Oyrat: iŋir, īr, ɨnɨr

Halaj: ä́ŋgür, ä́ŋgụ̈r

Chuvash: ǝnǝrǝk; ǝner 'yesterday'

Yakut: im 'morning and evening dawn'

Dolgan: im 'morning and evening dawn'

Tuva: imir

Kirghiz: iŋir, ɨŋɨrt, iŋirt

Kazakh: ĭŋĭr, ɨmɨrt, imirt

Bashkir: ĭŋĭr

Balkar: iŋir

Karaim: iŋir, ɨŋɣɨr

Karakalpak: iŋir, ɨmɨrt

Comments: EDT 162, 188, VEWT 172, ЭСТЯ 1, 354-356, Егоров 64-65, Лексика 34-35, 81, 83. Mudrak (Лексика 83) separates forms with -m-, comparing them with Evk. umulge 'shadow'.

Proto-Turkic: *ɨŋɨra-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to neigh 2 to bellow, purr

Russian meaning: 1 ржать 2 реветь, визжать, мурлыкать

Karakhanid: ɨŋra- (MK)

Turkmen: ɨŋra-

Chuvash: ǝnǝr- 2

Yakut: ɨŋɨran- 1

Bashkir: ɨŋɨran- 1

Comments: ЭСТЯ 1, 658, Егоров 65, Мудрак 73.

Proto-Turkic: *ɨr-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 prediction, luck 2 omen 3 premonition

Russian meaning: 1 предсказание, счастье 2 знамение 3 предчувствие

Old Turkic: ɨrk 1 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ɨrk 1 (MK)

Turkish: ɨrk 1

Sary-Yughur: ɨrq 1

Khakassian: ɨrɨx 1, ɨrɨs 1

Shor: ɨrɨs 1

Oyrat: ɨrɨs 1

Chuvash: ǝrex 'soul; expedience'

Yakut: ɨrā 3

Kirghiz: ɨrk 'welfare', ɨrɨs 1

Kazakh: ɨrɨq 1

Noghai: ɨrk 3, ɨrɨs 1

Bashkir: ɨrɨχ 1 (dial.)

Balkar: ɨrɨs 1

Karaim: ɨrɨz 'dignity'

Karakalpak: ɨrɨs 1

Kumyk: ɨrɨs 1

Comments: VEWT 166, 167, EDT 213, ОСНЯ 3, 119-120, ЭСТЯ 1, 665.

Proto-Turkic: *ɨr

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: song

Russian meaning: песня

Old Turkic: ɨr (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ɨr (MK)

Turkish: ɨr (dial.)

Tatar: ɨr (dial.)

Middle Turkic: ɨr (Pav. C., AH)

Turkmen: ɨr (dial.)

Khakassian: ɨr

Oyrat: ɨr

Yakut: ɨrɨa

Dolgan: ɨrɨa

Tuva: ɨr

Tofalar: ɨr

Kirghiz: ɨr

Comments: EDT 192, VEWT 166, 201, Лексика 610, Stachowski 261. The root should be kept distinct from *jɨr, although actively contaminating.

Proto-Turkic: *ɨr- / *ir-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: omen

Russian meaning: знамение; суеверие

Old Turkic: irü (OUygh.)

Turkish: ɨrɨm (dial.)

Tatar: ɨrɨm

Middle Turkic: ɨrɨm (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: irim

Uighur: irim

Turkmen: ɨrɨm

Khakassian: rɨm (R)

Shor: rɨm (R)

Oyrat: ɨrɨm

Tuva: ɨrɨm 'плохое самочувствие'

Kirghiz: ɨrɨm

Kazakh: ɨrɨm

Noghai: ɨrɨm

Bashkir: ɨrɨm

Karakalpak: ɨrɨm

Comments: EDT 197, VEWT 166, ОСНЯ 3, 120, ЭСТЯ 1, 666. Back row in modern languages may be due to contamination with *ɨr-, q. v. sub *p`ĭru.

Proto-Turkic: *ɨra

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: character, disposition

Russian meaning: характер, расположение

Turkish: ɨra

Tatar: ɨraj (dial.)

Oyrat: ɨra

Kirghiz: ɨraj

Karakalpak: ɨraj

Comments: ЭСТЯ 1, 659-660.

Proto-Turkic: *ɨra-k

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: far, distant

Russian meaning: далекий

Old Turkic: ɨraq (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jɨraq (MK, KB)

Turkish: ɨrak adv.

Tatar: jɨraq

Middle Turkic: jɨraq (Pav. C., MA), ɨraq (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: jirɔq, irɔq

Uighur: jiraq

Sary-Yughur: jiraq, jürɨq

Azerbaidzhan: iraG adv.

Turkmen: ɨrāq (арх.)

Khakassian: ɨrax

Oyrat: ɨraq, raq

Halaj: hɨrāq

Yakut: ɨrāx

Dolgan: ɨrāk

Tuva: ɨraq

Tofalar: ɨraq

Kirghiz: ɨraaq

Kazakh: žɨraq

Bashkir: jɨraq

Gagauz: jɨraq

Karaim: jɨraq

Karakalpak: ɨraq, žɨraq

Salar: jɨrax

Kumyk: jɨraq

Comments: PT*ɨra-k- is derived from *ɨra- 'to be far'. See EDT 198, 214, ЭСТЯ 4, 286-287, Stachowski 261.

Proto-Turkic: *ɨrgaj

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 name of a plant (irga) 2 honeysuckle, woodbind 3 juniper

Russian meaning: 1 ирга 2 жимолость 3 можжевельник

Uighur: irɣaj 1

Oyrat: jɨjra 3

Tuva: ɨrɣaj 1

Kazakh: ɨrɣaj 3

Comments: VEWT 166.

Proto-Turkic: *ɨsɨg / *isig

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 hot 2 warm

Russian meaning: 1 горячий 2 теплый

Old Turkic: isig 1 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: isig 1 (MK, KB)

Turkish: sɨǯak 1

Tatar: esse 1

Middle Turkic: isti 2 (Pav. C.), ɨsɨɣ (Бор. Бад., Abush.)

Uighur: issiq 1

Azerbaidzhan: isti 2

Turkmen: ɨssɨ 1

Khakassian: ǝzǝg 1

Oyrat: izü 1

Halaj: hissị̄, hisk 1

Chuvash: ъʷžъʷ 2

Yakut: itī, ičiges ( < *isi-geč) 2

Dolgan: itī, ičiges 2

Tuva: iziɣ 1

Tofalar: i'siɣ 1

Kirghiz: ɨsɨq 1, ɨsɨ 'heat, hot wind'

Kazakh: ɨssɨ 1

Noghai: issi 1

Karaim: issi 1, 2 (HK), sɨǯaq 2 (K), ɨsɨ-t- (K) 'to warm'

Karakalpak: ɨssɨ 1

Salar: hɨssɨ 2

Comments: Derived from *ɨsɨ- / *isi- 'to be hot'. See VEWT 173-4, TMN 2,182, EDT 246, ЭСТЯ 1, 668-671, Лексика 19-20, Stachowski 123, 130.

Proto-Turkic: *ɨsɨr-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to bite

Russian meaning: кусать

Karakhanid: ɨsɨr- (MK)

Turkish: ɨsɨr-

Middle Turkic: ɨsɨr-, ɨsur- 'to bite, to eat' (Abush., Sangl.)

Khakassian: ɨzɨr-

Yakut: ɨtɨr-, ɨstā-

Dolgan: ɨtɨr-, ɨstā-

Tuva: ɨzɨr-

Tofalar: ɨ'sɨr-

Kirghiz: ɨsɨr-

Karaim: ɨsɨr-

Kumyk: ɨsɨr-

Comments: VEWT 167, EDT 251, ЭСТЯ 1, 671-672, Stachowski 262, 263.

Proto-Turkic: *ɨt / *it

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: dog

Russian meaning: собака

Old Turkic: ɨt (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ɨt (MK, KB)

Turkish: it (arch.)

Tatar: et

Middle Turkic: ɨt (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: it

Uighur: it

Sary-Yughur: ɨšt

Azerbaidzhan: it

Turkmen: it

Halaj: it

Chuvash: jɨdъ

Yakut: ɨt

Dolgan: ɨt

Tuva: ɨ't

Tofalar: ɨ't

Kirghiz: it

Kazakh: i_t

Noghai: ijt

Bashkir: et

Balkar: it

Karakalpak: ijt

Salar: išt

Comments: VEWT 174, TMN 2, 173-4, EDT 34, ЭСТЯ 1, 385, Егоров 83, Лексика 188, Stachowski 262.

Proto-Turkic: *ɨ̄d-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to send

Russian meaning: посылать

Old Turkic: ɨd- (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ɨδ- (MK)

Middle Turkic: ij- (AH)

Turkmen: ɨj-

Khakassian: ɨs-

Shor: ɨs-

Oyrat: ij-, ɨs-

Chuvash: jar-

Yakut: ɨ̄t-

Dolgan: ɨ̄t-

Tuva: ɨt-

Tofalar: ɨt-

Kirghiz: ij-

Balkar: ij-

Karaim: ij-

Comments: EDT 37-38, VEWT 164, ЭСТЯ 1, 332-333, Егоров 354, Stachowski 263.

Proto-Turkic: *ɨ̄ĺ(č)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 smoke 2 soot, dirty smoke 3 scent, odour 4 fumes

Russian meaning: 1 дым 2 копоть, сажа 3 запах, аромат 4 испарения

Karakhanid: ɨš 2 (MK), 'mist' (KB)

Sary-Yughur: ɨs 1

Khakassian: ɨs 2

Oyrat: ɨš 1, 2

Yakut: ɨ̄s 4

Tuva: ɨš 1

Tofalar: ɨš 1

Noghai: ɨs 2

Karakalpak: ɨs 2

Comments: The root originally meant 'soot, smoke' and should be strictly kept distinct from PT *jɨd- 'smell' and *ɨjs 'smell, odour, fumes', although they have a natural tendency to merge. See VEWT 167, 170, EDT 254, 883, ЭСТЯ 1, 379-382, Лексика 370-371.

Proto-Turkic: *jAb-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 bad, coarse, wicked 2 to become bad, weak 3 heavy, difficult, severe 4 tasteless, insipid

Russian meaning: 1 плохой, грубый 2 ухудшаться, слабеть 3 тяжелый, трудный, суровый 4 пресный, безвкусный

Old Turkic: jabɨz 1 (Orkh.), javɨz 1 (OUygh.), javɣan 1 (OUygh.), jablaq (Orkh.) 3, javlaq (OUygh.) 3

Karakhanid: javrɨ- 2, javra- 'to become rough, coarse', javɨz 1, javɣan 1, javlaq 3 (MK)

Turkish: javuz 1, javan 4

Tatar: jawɨz 1

Middle Turkic: javlaq (R) 'very' , javuz (Ettuhf., AH) 1

Uzbek: jɔwuz 1, jōɣan 4 (dial.)

Uighur: javuz 1

Sary-Yughur: jus 1

Azerbaidzhan: javan 4

Turkmen: jovuz 1, 3, juwan 4 (dial.)

Khakassian: čaɣban 4

Yakut: suos 3

Kirghiz: ǯūɣan 4

Kazakh: žawɨz 1

Bashkir: jawɨδ- 1

Gagauz: javan 4

Karakalpak: žawɨz 1

Comments: VEWT 176, EDT 879, 881-882, ЭСТЯ 4, 47-48, 51. Turk. > WMong. ǯabqai, ǯabaɣan (KW 468), whence again some Turkic forms (Kirgh. ǯabɨq etc., see ЭСТЯ 4, 9-10). One could perhaps also note Kaz. žawra-, Uzb. ǯɔwra- 'to suffer from cold, shiver' (ЭСТЯ 4, 20) which may be = Karakh. javra-, javrɨ- and thus should not be compared to Mong. daɣara- (despite KW 82).